An Assertion identifier checks whether there is a negation related to a specific clinical concepts in the text. A negation means the absence or opposite of something positive. CLAMP-Cancer Assertion Identifier provides a mechanism to examine the real-world implications of annotations in a given clinical text. The defaultNegexDict.txt file which contains common negation patterns is used by CLAMP-Cancer to check for negation in a clinical text. You can either replace or edit this file by following the steps below. (See the picture below)